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AAC-T Clinical Evidence

28 clinical studies · 4,215 patients · 80+ published studies · 2006 to present

AAC-T Doubles Live Births in Recurrent Implantation Failure

Seven controlled clinical studies in RIF patients (3 or more prior failed embryo transfers): AAC-T (PBMC activated with hCG) versus control.

AAC-T vs. Control in RIF Patients

Pooled controlled studies · PBMC activated with hCG · p < 0.001

ControlAAC-T
60%40%20%0%
2.03x
15.3%
32.3%
Live birth rate6 studies, 736 patients
1.84x
22.1%
42.8%
Clinical pregnancy rate7 studies, 798 patients
Per study: AAC-T in RIF patients (3 or more failed transfers) Relative risk with 95% CI, PBMC + hCG vs. control CLINICAL PREGNANCY RATE RR 1.84 (95% CI 1.46–2.32) · I² 5% · n=798 0.5 1 2 5 10 Yoshioka 2006 3.71 (0.89–15.41) Sudoma 2011 5.00 (1.30–19.27) Yu 2016 2.21 (1.43–3.40) Li 2017 1.34 (0.91–1.98) Pourmoghadam 2020 1.91 (1.03–3.53) Vtorushina 2021 1.74 (0.80–3.77) Vahid 2025 1.92 (1.08–3.41) Pooled 1.84 (1.46–2.32) ← favors control favors AAC-T → LIVE BIRTH RATE RR 2.03 (95% CI 1.53–2.70) · I² 0% · n=736 0.5 1 2 5 10 Yoshioka 2006 6.35 (0.85–47.44) Yu 2016 2.41 (1.40–4.16) Li 2017 1.48 (0.90–2.46) Pourmoghadam 2020 1.90 (0.98–3.67) Vtorushina 2021 2.68 (0.91–7.89) Vahid 2025 2.43 (1.10–5.34) Pooled 2.03 (1.53–2.70) ← favors control favors AAC-T →

Published Clinical Studies with Patient-Level Data

Author Year Publication Population N Control CPR AAC-T CPR Improvement

Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews

15 independent meta-analyses confirming PBMC efficacy for recurrent implantation failure.

Author Year Journal Studies Patients CPR LBR
Wu2019Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics6718OR 2.45OR 2.43
Maleki-Hajiagha2019Journal of Reproductive Immunology8886RR 1.92RR 1.93
Yakin2019Scientific Reports5695OR 1.65–
Yang2019Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology51,173RR 2.48RR 1.98
Achilli2018Fertility and Sterility2296OR 3.28–
Pourmoghadam2020Journal of Reproductive Immunology51,086OR 3.57–
Busnelli2021Scientific Reports6795RR 2.18RR 2.41
Qin2021Journal of Reproductive Immunology71,173OR 3.43OR 2.79
Jin2022Frontiers in Endocrinology213,079OR 2.79OR 2.55
Liu2022Scientific Reports162,008OR 2.44OR 2.86
Kong2023Journal of Reproductive Immunology212,917––
He2023Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics15429,906OR 2.95OR 2.40
Xie2024Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology567,898OR 3.03OR 2.23
Chow2025International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine101,503RR 2.12–
Jiang2025Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics253,035––

CPR = Clinical Pregnancy Rate · LBR = Live Birth Rate · OR = Odds Ratio · RR = Relative Risk. Purple values indicate statistically significant improvements. Kong 2023 and Jiang 2025 are network meta-analyses; both found significant clinical pregnancy improvement versus control, and pooled effect sizes are not shown for them.